Smoking presents a significant risk factor for numerous systemic diseases, including heart disease, stroke, and lung cancer. However, the impact of tobacco on oral health is equally severe, yet not as widely acknowledged. The mouth serves as the first contact for cigarette smoke, and the effects can be detrimental to oral tissues and overall dental health. At Sandquist Dentistry in Las Vegas, we’re concerned about the complex relationship between smoking and oral health. Here are a few oral diseases linked to smoking and how tobacco affects the teeth, gums, and other areas of the mouth.
1. Increased Periodontal Disease
One of the most significant impacts of smoking on oral health is the elevated risk of periodontal (gum) disease. Studies have shown that smokers are more likely to develop gum disease compared to non-smokers. Smoking contributes to the onset and progression of gum disease by affecting the attachment of bone and soft tissue to your teeth. Additionally, chemicals in tobacco interfere with the normal function of gum tissue cells and reduce blood flow; this interaction makes it harder for the gums to heal and reduces their ability to fight off infections.
The toxins in cigarette smoke can also affect the intricate balance of bacteria in the mouth. Smokers are more likely to experience more harmful bacteria and less oxygen in their gums, further accelerating the progression of gum disease. As the disease advances, pockets can form between the teeth and gums, with the eventual loss of bone and teeth.
2. Impact on Mouth Lining
Cigarette smoke contains thousands of chemicals, many of which are known carcinogens. Experts estimate that over 7,000 chemicals are produced when a cigarette burns. Even more concerning is that at least 250 of these chemicals are known to be harmful, and over 70 can cause cancer. These chemicals may alter the oral mucosa—the lining of the mouth—leading to poor cellular function and damaged tissues. At Sandquist Dentistry, we often see changes in the oral mucosa known as smoker’s keratitis, where the mucosa thickens and develops white patches. While not necessarily harmful by itself, this condition can sometimes evolve into more dangerous forms of oral cancer.
3. Increased Risk of Oral Cancer
One of the most severe effects of smoking on oral health is an increased risk of developing oral cancer, which includes cancers of the mouth, throat, tongue, and lips. As discussed above, tobacco smoke acts directly on the mouth tissue and is a known carcinogen. Continued exposure to these carcinogens can mutate the DNA in the cells of the oral tissues, leading to cancerous changes. Studies suggest smokers are anywhere from 5 to 6 times more likely to develop oral cancer compared to non-smokers.
4. More Tooth Discoloration and Bad Breath
Smoking also leads to cosmetic concerns that can be both unsightly and socially embarrassing. Nicotine and tar in tobacco smoke can cause the teeth to turn yellow or brown over time, and pigmented foods and drinks compound the discoloration. The heat from smoking and the chemicals emitted can also lead to chronic bad breath, known as halitosis.
5. Impaired Healing After Dental Care or Mouth Injury
Smokers experience delayed healing processes following dental procedures such as tooth extractions, gum disease treatment, or other forms of oral surgery. Smoking decreases blood flow to the oral tissues and reduces the necessary nutrients and oxygen supply crucial for healing. In addition, smokers tend to experience a weaker immune response, which diminishes the body’s natural ability to recover.
6. The Lesser-Known Impact: Dental Implant Failures
Dental implants rely on the bone’s ability to heal tightly around the new implant, a process known as osseointegration. However, the success rate of dental implants in smokers is significantly lower. One study showed that the risk of implant failure was 140% higher than in non-smokers. The impaired blood flow and reduced bone density associated with smoking compromise osseointegration and increase the risk of other complications.
A Focus On Your Health At Sandquist Dentistry
The connection between smoking and oral health raises concerns about health from head to toe. The impacts range from cosmetic issues to severe health conditions such as periodontal disease and oral cancer. Quitting smoking can significantly reduce these risks, improve oral health, and increase confidence. At Sandquist Dentistry in Las Vegas, we emphasize education, including the risks associated with smoking, and we can provide resources and support if you’re considering kicking the habit. Improving oral health is just one of the many benefits of quitting smoking. We’re here to support you as you journey towards better overall health!
